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Articles by Holdeman, L V
Articles by Moore, W E

Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 March; 31(3): 359-375

Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within
individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
L V Holdeman, I J Good and W E Moore

ABSTRACT

Data are presented on the distribution of 101 bacterial species and
subspecies among 1,442 isolates from 25 fecal specimens from three men
on: (i) their normal diet and normal living conditions, (ii) normal
living conditions but eating the controlled metabolic diet designed
for use in the Skylab simulation and missions, and (iii) the Skylab
diet in simulated Skylab (isolation) conditions. These bacteria
represent the most numerous kinds in the fecal flora. Analyses of the
kinds of bacteria from each astronaut during the 5-month period showed
more variation in the composition of the flora among the individual
astronauts than among the eight or nine samples from each person. This
observation indicates that the variations in fecal flora reported
previously, but based on the study of only one specimen from each
person, more certainly reflect real differences (and not daily
variation) in the types of bacteria maintained by individual people.
The proportions of the predominant fecal species in the astronauts
were similar to those reported earlier from a Japanese-Hawaiian
population and were generally insensitive to changes from the normal
North American diet to the Skylab diet; only two of the most common
species were affected by changes in diet. However, one of the
predominant species (Bacteroides fragilis subsp. thetaiotaomicron)
appeared to be affected during confinement of the men in the Skylab
test chamber. Evidence is presented suggesting that an anger stress
situation may have been responsible for the increase of this species
simultaneously in all of the subjects studied. Phenotypic
characteristics of some of the less common isolates are given. The
statistical analyses used in interpretation of the results are
discussed.

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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976 March; 31(3): 359-375

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